[{"id":"da-tech-amyloid-pet","kind":"technology","name":"Amyloid PET","aka":[],"tldr":"Amyloid PET is a scan that can show whether amyloid plaques are present. It is used when the result will change care, not as a screening test.","summary":"Amyloid PET supports biological Alzheimer’s disease. A negative scan makes typical Alzheimer’s disease unlikely. A positive scan does not by itself mean dementia or that an antibody is appropriate.","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"NIA","url":"https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":[],"cancers":["alzheimers-disease"],"sections":["da-front-imaging"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"A tracer binds amyloid plaques so a PET scanner can show cortical uptake.","strengths":["Can confirm or reduce the likelihood of amyloid pathology."],"limitations":["Access, cost, and radiation. Does not stage dementia on its own."]},{"id":"da-tech-anti-amyloid-mab","kind":"technology","name":"Anti-amyloid antibodies","aka":[],"tldr":"Infused antibodies can lower amyloid in early Alzheimer’s disease. They need monitoring for brain swelling or bleeding on MRI.","summary":"Lecanemab and donanemab are approved examples in the US for early symptomatic disease after amyloid confirmation. Aducanumab’s Alzheimer’s indication was withdrawn.","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"FDA Leqembi","url":"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":["da-front-anti-amyloid"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["da-lecanemab","da-donanemab","da-aducanumab"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Monoclonal antibodies bind aggregated amyloid and promote clearance, with ARIA as a key risk.","strengths":[],"limitations":[]},{"id":"da-tech-apoe-testing","kind":"technology","name":"ApoE testing","aka":[],"tldr":"ApoE ε4 is a risk variant used in antibody-safety counselling. It does not diagnose Alzheimer’s disease.","summary":"US labels for amyloid antibodies discuss ApoE ε4 and ARIA risk. Testing needs consent and counselling, not a casual consumer kit used as a diagnosis.","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"FDA Leqembi","url":"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-converts-novel-alzheimers-disease-treatment-traditional-approval"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":[],"cancers":["alzheimers-disease"],"sections":["da-front-genetics"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["da-lecanemab","da-donanemab"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Genotyping APOE alleles, especially ε4, to inform ARIA risk discussions.","strengths":[],"limitations":[]},{"id":"da-tech-blood-biomarkers","kind":"technology","name":"Blood Alzheimer biomarkers","aka":[],"tldr":"Blood tests may help decide who needs a scan or spinal-fluid test. They are not a home diagnosis.","summary":"Plasma p-tau and amyloid assays are entering clinical pathways in some systems. Cut-offs, comorbidities, and kit differences still matter.","status":"emerging","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"NIA","url":"https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":["da-idea-blood-first-triage"],"cancers":["alzheimers-disease","mild-cognitive-impairment"],"sections":["da-front-fluid-biomarkers"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Plasma assays estimate amyloid or phosphorylated tau species.","strengths":[],"limitations":[]},{"id":"da-tech-mri","kind":"technology","name":"Brain MRI","aka":[],"tldr":"MRI looks at brain structure and is used to watch for swelling or bleeding when someone receives an amyloid antibody.","summary":"Structural MRI is part of assessment and of antibody monitoring. It does not by itself diagnose Alzheimer’s disease.","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"NIA","url":"https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":[],"cancers":["alzheimers-disease","vascular-dementia"],"sections":["da-front-imaging"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Magnetic resonance imaging of brain structure, stroke, and ARIA safety checks.","strengths":[],"limitations":[]},{"id":"da-tech-cholinesterase-inhibitors","kind":"technology","name":"Cholinesterase inhibitors","aka":[],"tldr":"These older medicines can support cognitive symptoms for some people. They are not disease-modifying.","summary":"Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine are the core examples. Gastrointestinal effects and slow heart rate need review.","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"NICE NG97","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":["da-front-symptomatic-care"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["da-donepezil","da-rivastigmine","da-galantamine"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Increase acetylcholine signalling at synapses.","strengths":[],"limitations":[]},{"id":"da-tech-csf-biomarkers","kind":"technology","name":"CSF amyloid and tau","aka":[],"tldr":"A spinal-fluid test can support an Alzheimer’s biology question in specialist clinics.","summary":"CSF ratios are established in memory clinics that run lumbar puncture. They require skilled collection and agreed cut-offs.","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"NIA","url":"https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":[],"cancers":["alzheimers-disease"],"sections":["da-front-fluid-biomarkers"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Lumbar puncture measures amyloid-beta and tau species in cerebrospinal fluid.","strengths":[],"limitations":[]},{"id":"da-tech-care-navigation","kind":"technology","name":"Dementia care navigation","aka":[],"tldr":"A care navigator helps the household use the system. It is support, not a treatment for the brain disease.","summary":"Navigation programmes vary by country and payer. They do not replace clinical responsibility.","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"NICE NG97","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":["da-front-care-delivery"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":["da-bn-caregiver-load"],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"A named coordinator helps families sequence assessments, benefits, and safety planning.","strengths":[],"limitations":[]},{"id":"da-tech-digital-cognition","kind":"technology","name":"Digital cognitive testing","aka":[],"tldr":"Digital tests can track change. They do not replace a clinical assessment.","summary":"Use depends on validation, language, education, and whether a clinician interprets the result.","status":"emerging","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"NIA","url":"https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":["da-front-digital-cognition","da-front-ai"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Remote or supervised computerised tasks sample memory, attention, or language.","strengths":[],"limitations":[]},{"id":"da-tech-tau-therapeutics","kind":"technology","name":"Tau-directed therapeutics","aka":[],"tldr":"Tau-directed treatments are in trials. None is an approved dementia medicine on this atlas.","summary":"Because tau tracks clinical progression, it is a major pipeline theme. Benefit and safety remain trial questions.","status":"emerging","asOf":"2026-09-21","links":[{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov"}],"tags":["dementia-atlas"],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":["da-front-anti-tau"],"technologies":[],"targets":["da-target-tau"],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Antisense, antibody, or small-molecule approaches aimed at tau protein.","strengths":[],"limitations":[]}]